蒙陰長毛兔這么可愛，上海人養(yǎng)不養(yǎng)？
發(fā)布日期：2025-10-30
來源：http://www.uying888.com 發(fā)布人：創(chuàng)始人
兔兔這么可愛，上海人養(yǎng)不養(yǎng)兔兔？答案是養(yǎng)過，但不是作為寵物。
Rabbits are so cute, do Shanghai people keep rabbits? The answer is yes, but not as a pet.
受國際市場對兔毛需求量增大的影響，收購?fù)妹粩嗌蠞q，由此在20世紀(jì)80年代引發(fā)過上海養(yǎng)兔高潮。
Affected by the increasing demand for rabbit hair in the international market, the purchase price of rabbit hair continued to rise, which triggered a rabbit breeding boom in Shanghai in the 1980s.
據(jù)統(tǒng)計，在高峰的1985年，上海市郊130多萬戶農(nóng)戶，有70多萬戶養(yǎng)了兔，總飼養(yǎng)量在兩年內(nèi)從200萬只猛增到1000萬只。若以當(dāng)時全市人口平攤，每人可攤到一只兔。
According to statistics, in the peak year of 1985, there were over 1.3 million households in the suburbs of Shanghai, with more than 700000 households raising rabbits. The total number of rabbits raised increased from 2 million to 10 million within two years. If the population of the whole city were evenly distributed at that time, each person could share one rabbit.
以青浦地區(qū)為例，1980年兔子圈存量為4.4萬多只，1981年為14.3萬只，到了1985年猛增到78.3萬只，創(chuàng)歷史紀(jì)錄；崇明地區(qū)的養(yǎng)兔數(shù)據(jù)也在1985年末飆升達(dá)96萬余只，創(chuàng)歷史水平；1985年7月，當(dāng)時的南匯縣也成立了養(yǎng)兔協(xié)會，10月，南匯縣養(yǎng)兔主管部門和南匯縣養(yǎng)兔協(xié)會聯(lián)合舉辦“南匯縣長毛兔會”，吸引全國20多個省市、53個市縣養(yǎng)兔同行及養(yǎng)兔戶共6000多人參加。
Taking Qingpu area as an example, the stock of rabbit pens was over 44000 in 1980, 143000 in 1981, and skyrocketed to 783000 in 1985, setting a historical record; The rabbit breeding data in Chongming area also soared to over 960000 at the end of 1985, reaching a historical high level; In July 1985, the Nanhui County also established a rabbit breeding association. In October, the Nanhui County rabbit breeding department and the Nanhui County rabbit breeding association jointly held the "Nanhui County Long Hair Rabbit Trade Fair", attracting more than 6000 rabbit breeding peers and households from more than 20 provinces and cities, 53 cities and counties across the country.
1986年《解放日報》一篇名為《長毛兔傳奇》的報道中提到：當(dāng)時上海的長毛兔兔種質(zhì)量全國。上海的長毛兔產(chǎn)毛率高、兔毛質(zhì)量好，國內(nèi)有28個省區(qū)市來上海買兔種，僅1985年一年中就買去了50萬頭。多年來，的兔毛出口在國際市場雄居。由上海口岸出口的兔毛，占了全國總出口量的1/5多，而且其中70%為特、一、二級的毛。
In a 1986 report titled "The Legend of the Long haired Rabbit" in the Liberation Daily, it was mentioned that Shanghai had the highest quality of long haired rabbit breeds in the country at that time. Shanghai has a high production rate and good quality of long haired rabbits. 28 provinces, regions, and cities in China came to Shanghai to buy rabbit breeds, and in 1985 alone, 500000 rabbits were bought. For many years, China's rabbit hair exports have dominated the international market. The rabbit fur exported from Shanghai Port accounts for more than 1/5 of the total export volume in China, and 70% of it is high-quality fur of special, first, and second grade.
僅僅一年之內(nèi)，當(dāng)時上海的農(nóng)戶中涌現(xiàn)了許多養(yǎng)兔致富的能手，“摘掉了窮帽子，造起了新房子，成了萬元戶”。一句句金句流傳在上海農(nóng)民當(dāng)中：“除了金子、銀子，輪下來就得算兔子”，“家養(yǎng)一群兔，賽過小金庫”。
Within just one year, many skilled rabbit breeders emerged among the farmers in Shanghai, "shedding their poverty hats, building new houses, and becoming households worth tens of thousands of yuan". A series of golden sayings have been passed down among farmers in Shanghai: "Apart from gold and silver, you have to count them as rabbits when you turn the wheel", "Keeping a group of rabbits at home can compete with a small treasury".
有些鄉(xiāng)村教師打了停職報告，要求回家養(yǎng)兔。有的養(yǎng)兔戶的孩子一放學(xué)就扔掉作業(yè)忙于割草。在長毛兔“受寵”的階段，喂它吃奶粉和麥乳精是平常事。“一時之際弄得市場上奶粉也緊張起來。”
Some rural teachers have been suspended and asked to go home to raise rabbits. Some children of rabbit farmers throw away their homework and are busy mowing the lawn as soon as they finish school. At the peak of the long haired rabbit's popularity, feeding it milk powder and malt extract is a common practice. At this moment, it made the market for milk powder also nervous
二
two
1938年《文匯報》的廣告版面有云：“悉本市法租界姚主教路（今天平路）一七九弄一號養(yǎng)兔咨詢社，仍畜有純種毛用皮用兔甚多，現(xiàn)正廉價分讓，欲謀戰(zhàn)時生產(chǎn)及準(zhǔn)備戰(zhàn)后經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇者，大可從事，又聞該社并負(fù)責(zé)答復(fù)，關(guān)于養(yǎng)兔業(yè)務(wù)之一切咨詢云。”
In 1938, the advertising page of Wen Wei Po stated: "We have learned from the rabbit breeding consultation agency located at No. 179 Lane, Yaochou Road (now Pinglu Road) in the French Concession of this city. There are still many purebred rabbits for fur and skin use, and they are currently being sold at a low price. Those who want to plan for wartime production and prepare for post-war economic recovery can take matters into consideration. We have also heard that the agency is responsible for responding to all inquiries regarding rabbit breeding business
回溯到20世紀(jì)上半葉，上海及周邊地區(qū)養(yǎng)兔的農(nóng)戶不多，但養(yǎng)兔的歷史倒一直都有。
Looking back to the first half of the 20th century, there were not many farmers in Shanghai and surrounding areas who raised rabbits, but the history of rabbit farming has always existed.
1949年的統(tǒng)計顯示，當(dāng)時的青浦全縣養(yǎng)兔不過1700只左右，且均為食用目的。
According to statistics in 1949, there were only about 1700 rabbits raised in Qingpu County at that time, all of which were for food purposes.
崇明地區(qū)的情況也差不多，當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)戶僅飼養(yǎng)少量肉兔。但在1940年初，崇明下三星鎮(zhèn)西首施劍秋興建“旭升養(yǎng)畜場”，從外地引進(jìn)安哥拉毛兔，附近農(nóng)戶開始飼養(yǎng)少量毛兔，直到20世紀(jì)50年代末開始飼養(yǎng)長毛兔。但由于初良種較少，兔毛低廉，發(fā)展十分緩慢，全崇明僅300只左右。
The situation in Chongming area is similar, with local farmers only raising a small number of meat rabbits. But in early 1940, Shi Jianqiu, the head of Xiasanxing Town in Chongming, built the "Xusheng Livestock Farm" and introduced Angora wool rabbits from other places. Nearby farmers began to raise a small number of wool rabbits until the late 1950s when they began to raise long haired rabbits. However, due to the initial scarcity of good breeds and the low price of rabbit hair, development was very slow, with only about 300 rabbits in Chongming.
南匯地區(qū)倒是把養(yǎng)兔算入當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民的傳統(tǒng)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)之一，但養(yǎng)的是以食用為主要目的的白兔。20世紀(jì)50年代，南匯從外省市引進(jìn)青紫蘭和力克斯兔種飼養(yǎng)，有的農(nóng)戶還將上述兔種與當(dāng)?shù)匕淄秒s交，繁殖飼養(yǎng)雜種肉兔。到1954年，兔肉進(jìn)入國際市場，上海口岸經(jīng)營凍兔肉出口，肉兔有了發(fā)展。1957年和1958年兩年，當(dāng)時的南匯全縣收購肉兔20多萬只。1966年，全縣肉兔存欄量20多萬只，是歷史上肉兔養(yǎng)殖多的年份。
The Nanhui region does include rabbit farming as one of the traditional animal husbandry practices of local farmers, but they mainly raise white rabbits for food purposes. In the 1950s, Nanhui introduced Qingzilan and Rex rabbit breeds from other provinces and cities for breeding. Some farmers even crossbred these rabbit breeds with local white rabbits to breed and raise hybrid meat rabbits. By 1954, Chinese rabbit meat entered the international market, and the Shanghai port operated frozen rabbit meat exports, leading to the development of meat rabbits. In 1957 and 1958, Nanhui County purchased over 200000 meat rabbits. In 1966, there were over 200000 meat rabbits in the county, which was the year with the highest number of meat rabbits raised in history.
在1959年到1961年，困難時期，豬肉供應(yīng)緊缺，郊區(qū)一些農(nóng)戶紛紛養(yǎng)兔，以兔肉替代豬肉，養(yǎng)兔業(yè)有了較大發(fā)展。不過，到“文化大革命”初期，養(yǎng)兔又被當(dāng)作“資本主義尾巴”而遭到禁止。
From 1959 to 1961, during a difficult period for the country, there was a shortage of pork supply. Some farmers in the suburbs raised rabbits and replaced pork with rabbit meat, leading to significant development in the rabbit farming industry. However, in the early stages of the Cultural Revolution, raising rabbits was banned as a "capitalist tail".
總而言之，當(dāng)時上海及周邊地區(qū)農(nóng)戶就算養(yǎng)兔，也是以養(yǎng)肉兔為主。
In summary, at that time, even if farmers in Shanghai and surrounding areas raised rabbits, they mainly raised meat rabbits.
1999年，《解放日報》報道青浦縣農(nóng)民家的兔子一窩產(chǎn)下6只小白兔。
In 1999, Liberation Daily reported that a farmer's rabbit in Qingpu County gave birth to six small white rabbits in one litter.
三
three
改革開放春風(fēng)喚醒申城的同時，也喚醒了郊區(qū)的致富經(jīng)。
The spring breeze of reform and opening up not only awakened Shanghai, but also awakened the prosperity of the suburbs.
從1983年開始，長毛兔，國際上統(tǒng)稱安哥拉毛兔的養(yǎng)殖，成為市郊副業(yè)。這次養(yǎng)兔熱潮是為了兔毛。
Since 1983, the breeding of Angora rabbits, also known internationally as Angora rabbits, has become the primary sideline in suburban areas. This rabbit raising craze is for rabbit fur.
隨著特級毛的收購價從70元、85元猛漲到100元，在高價刺激下，農(nóng)村掀起飼養(yǎng)毛兔熱。
With the purchase price of premium wool skyrocketing from 70 yuan and 85 yuan to 100 yuan, stimulated by high prices, there has been a craze for raising wool rabbits in rural areas.
1984年在滬全國人大代表在上海郊區(qū)調(diào)研時了解到：“上海縣養(yǎng)兔戶顧林興，家養(yǎng)800只長毛兔，已出售兔毛500多斤，還可出售500多斤，全年可得凈收入1.2萬多元。他們致富以后，帶動了周圍群眾共同致富。”要知道，這可是20世紀(jì)80年代的一萬元！
In 1984, while conducting research in the suburbs of Shanghai, a representative of the National People's Congress learned that Gu Linxing, a professional rabbit farmer in Shanghai County, owned 800 long haired rabbits. He had sold more than 500 pounds of rabbit hair and could still sell over 500 pounds, earning a net income of over 12000 yuan for the whole year. After they became wealthy, they led the surrounding people to become prosperous together. It should be noted that this was 10000 yuan in the 1980s!
當(dāng)時，上海郊區(qū)各縣紛紛從政策上鼓勵扶持發(fā)展多種經(jīng)營戶。如青浦地區(qū)，當(dāng)時凡符合戶標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，都由縣政府發(fā)給“多種經(jīng)營戶優(yōu)惠證”，允許請適量幫手，允許土地轉(zhuǎn)包，允許購買生產(chǎn)運輸車船，戶正當(dāng)經(jīng)營收入不受侵犯。
At that time, various counties in the suburbs of Shanghai encouraged and supported the development of diversified professional households through policies. In the Qingpu area, at that time, anyone who met the standards of a professional household was issued a "diversified business professional household preferential certificate" by the county government, allowing for the hiring of appropriate helpers, land subcontracting, and the purchase of production and transportation vehicles and ships. The legitimate operating income of professional households was not infringed upon.
在浦東三林公社，一個生產(chǎn)隊里53戶人家中的43戶都養(yǎng)起了長毛兔。
In Sanlin Commune, Pudong, 43 out of 53 households in a production team have raised long haired rabbits.
在川沙縣六里鄉(xiāng)，金秋時節(jié)舉辦賽兔會。“從全鄉(xiāng)農(nóng)戶中精選出來的67只長毛兔參加了比賽。技術(shù)熟練的姑娘表演了剪毛技術(shù)。比賽會現(xiàn)場剪毛、現(xiàn)場評比、現(xiàn)場議價、現(xiàn)場收購付款，吸引了更多的養(yǎng)兔農(nóng)戶。”
In Liuli Township, Chuansha County, a rabbit race is held during the golden autumn season. 67 long haired rabbits selected from farmers in the entire township participated in the competition. Skilled girls demonstrated their shearing techniques. The competition included on-site shearing, on-site evaluation, on-site negotiation, and on-site purchase and payment, attracting more rabbit farmers
在金山地區(qū)，1985年長毛兔圈存量達(dá)43.94萬只，交售兔毛22.23萬斤，產(chǎn)值1348.30萬元，創(chuàng)歷史水平。
In the Jinshan area, in 1985, the stock of long haired rabbit pens reached 439400, with 222300 kilograms of rabbit hair sold and a production value of 13.483 million yuan, setting a historical high.
當(dāng)年，各地紛紛成立毛兔協(xié)會，舉辦賽兔會，開辦技術(shù)講座，加強技術(shù)輔導(dǎo)。1985年同濟大學(xué)出版社下鄉(xiāng)送書時，除了帶去《建筑施工》《建筑工程制圖》，還帶上了《怎樣養(yǎng)好長毛兔》，“送下鄉(xiāng)供干部、技術(shù)人員和農(nóng)民踴躍購買”。
Back then, various regions established rabbit associations, held rabbit racing events, held technical lectures, and strengthened technical guidance. In 1985, when Tongji University Press sent books to the countryside, in addition to "Construction" and "Architectural Engineering Drawing", they also brought "How to Raise Long haired Rabbits", which were "sent to the countryside for cadres, technical personnel, and farmers to actively purchase".
由于養(yǎng)長毛兔的經(jīng)濟價值實在爆熱，連不法分子都對養(yǎng)兔戶眼紅到伸出賊手。單1984年第四季度一個季度，“郊區(qū)十個縣被盜長毛兔五千余只，價值十五萬余元。”
Due to the extremely high economic value of raising long haired rabbits, even criminals are so jealous of rabbit owners that they are reaching out to steal their hands. In the fourth quarter of 1984 alone, more than 5000 long haired rabbits worth over 150000 yuan were stolen from ten suburban counties
南匯縣大團鄉(xiāng)農(nóng)民劉林根飼養(yǎng)的種兔在鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)兔評比中獲獎，不料，次日就失竊長毛兔31只，價值1200余元。該縣公安局接到報案后，組織干警奔赴現(xiàn)場進(jìn)行偵查，很快就將3名竊賊抓獲。松江縣養(yǎng)兔承包戶劉某，在1984年12月4次被竊長毛兔26只，縣公安局組織力量守候伏擊，當(dāng)竊賊再次作案時，被公安人員和聯(lián)防隊員當(dāng)場捉住。為此，報紙還專門配發(fā)評論：針對郊區(qū)時常發(fā)生的偷竊戶長毛兔的行為，應(yīng)“群起而攻之”。
Liu Lingen, a farmer from Datuan Township in Nanhui County, won a prize in the rabbit breeding competition. Unexpectedly, 31 long haired rabbits worth more than 1200 yuan were stolen the next day. After receiving the report, the county public security bureau organized police officers to rush to the scene for investigation and quickly arrested three thieves. Liu, a professional rabbit farmer in Songjiang County, was robbed of 26 long haired rabbits four times in December 1984. The county public security bureau organized forces to wait and ambush. When the thief committed another crime, he was caught on the spot by public security personnel and joint defense team members. For this reason, the newspaper also issued a special commentary: in response to the frequent theft of professional households' long haired rabbits in the suburbs, a collective attack should be launched.
四
four
然而，僅隔一年，國際市場兔毛滯銷，下跌，曾多達(dá)一萬名的在市郊走街串戶收購?fù)妹男∝溗查g銷聲匿跡。
However, just one year later, rabbit fur was unsold in the international market, with prices falling. The once 10000 street vendors who had been buying rabbit fur in the suburbs disappeared instantly.
崇明地區(qū)的長毛兔，從歷史水平的1985年96萬余只直線下降，1994年末僅剩6萬余只。1986年，南匯的養(yǎng)兔達(dá)到歷史水平，年存欄量113萬只，產(chǎn)兔毛60萬公斤，居全國。到了1988年末，南匯全縣毛兔存欄量下降42萬只。1986年金山的養(yǎng)兔量，直接跌到只有4000多只。
The number of long haired rabbits in Chongming area has plummeted from the historical high of over 960000 in 1985 to only over 60000 by the end of 1994. In 1986, the rabbit breeding in Nanhui reached its highest level in history, with an annual inventory of 1.13 million and a production of 600000 kilograms of rabbit hair, ranking first in the country. By the end of 1988, the inventory of rabbits in Nanhui County had decreased to 420000. In 1986, the number of rabbits raised in Jinshan dropped directly to just over 4000.
供求關(guān)系失衡，兔毛蜂擁而來，收購站資金成問題，倉儲成問題，連人手也成問題。毛價賤了，農(nóng)民稱之為“壓級壓價”；來不及收，農(nóng)民斥之為“關(guān)門拒收”。有的“養(yǎng)兔戶肚里有氣了，把兔子捉來活活摔死在收購站門口，有的讓兔子溺死河中，任其腐爛發(fā)臭。也有于心不忍的，便將一只只小兔子流放田野……”。
The imbalance between supply and demand, the influx of rabbit hair, the problem of funding for national procurement stations, storage, and even manpower. The gross price has become cheap, and farmers call it "cutting down on grades and prices"; Unable to harvest in time, farmers denounced it as "closing the door and refusing to accept". Some rabbit farmers get angry and catch the rabbits alive and throw them to death at the entrance of the purchasing station. Some drown the rabbits in the river and let them rot and smell. There are also those who cannot bear it and exile them one by one in the fields.
當(dāng)時的記者敏銳地從中捕捉到：“長期以來我們習(xí)慣了計劃經(jīng)濟的主觀經(jīng)營思想，還不能及時地適應(yīng)市場調(diào)節(jié)的經(jīng)濟工作。”
The journalist at that time keenly captured it: "For a long time, we have been accustomed to the subjective management ideas of planned economy, and we have not been able to adapt to the economic work regulated by the market in a timely manner
“我國出口兔毛本應(yīng)在數(shù)量、時機、質(zhì)量等方面靈活地按照市場經(jīng)濟的節(jié)奏安排出口……據(jù)了解，1985年春季，國際市場的兔毛已出現(xiàn)滯銷苗子，但這個信息因各方繼續(xù)競收兔毛而無法反饋到養(yǎng)兔戶。其次，我們對國內(nèi)流通環(huán)節(jié)，缺乏靈活及時的調(diào)節(jié)手段……再次，沒有重視開發(fā)國內(nèi)市場，沒有重視協(xié)助工業(yè)部門形成加工兔毛系列產(chǎn)品的能力。”
Our country's export of rabbit hair should have been flexibly arranged according to the rhythm of the market economy in terms of quantity, timing, and quality... It is understood that in the spring of 1985, there were signs of unsold rabbit hair in the international market, but this information could not be fed back to rabbit farmers due to continued competition for rabbit hair. Secondly, we lacked flexible and timely adjustment measures for the domestic circulation link... Thirdly, we did not attach importance to developing the domestic market and assisting the industrial sector in forming the ability to process rabbit hair series products
兔兔從爆熱到遇冷，或許也是那個時代，上海市郊與市場經(jīng)濟正面相逢后，需要應(yīng)對的課。
Rabbit Rabbit's transition from explosive heat to encountering cold may also be the first lesson that Shanghai's suburbs need to deal with after facing the market economy head-on during that era.
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